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1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 70(3): 84-92, 1 feb., 2020. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-187253

RESUMO

Introducción: El trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) mantiene un diagnóstico basado en datos conductuales a pesar de su implicación en modelos neuropsicofisiológicos. El registro del electroencefalograma (EEG) monopolar centrado en diferenciar a los niños con TDAH frente a los controles en función de una mayor ratio theta/beta se ha propuesto desde hace tiempo como una alternativa para objetivar el diagnóstico y guiar la intervención basada en neurofeedback, pero sus resultados han resultado controvertidos. Objetivo: Analizar la viabilidad de un único electrodo para detectar diferencias en los principales ritmos cerebrales, y especialmente en la ratio theta/beta, en niños con diagnóstico de TDAH, analizando las diferencias por subtipo, edad, sexo y tarea. Pacientes y métodos: Se evaluó a 92 niños (rango: 7-13 años) con diagnóstico de TDAH en un registro de EEG monopolar sobre cuatro tareas (reposo, lectura, escucha activa y copiar una figura). Se obtuvieron siete medidas basadas en ritmos EEG lentos y rápidos, más la ratio theta/beta. Resultados: No hubo diferencias por subtipos de TDAH. La tarea de mayor demanda cognitiva obtuvo en general las amplitudes de onda más elevadas. Los participantes más pequeños y los varones presentaron en general una ratio theta/beta y amplitudes en las ondas lentas más elevadas en todas las tareas investigadas, y mostraron una mayor tendencia a problemas de regulación atencional. Conclusión: El registro monopolar y la ratio theta/beta son una alternativa viable en el ámbito clínico, al menos para complementar la evaluación del TDAH


Introduction: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) maintains a diagnosis based on behavioral data despite its involvement in neuropsychophysiological models. The monopolar electroencephalography (EEG) record focused on differentiating children with ADHD versus controls based on a higher theta/beta ratio has been proposed as an alternative to objectify the diagnosis and guide neurofeedback-based intervention, but its results have been controversial. Aim: To analyze the viability of a single electrode to detect differences in the main cerebral rhythms and especially in theta/beta ratio, in children diagnosed with ADHD, analyzing the differences by subtype, age, sex and type of experimental task. Patients and methods: 92 children (range: 7-13 years) diagnosed with ADHD were evaluated in a monopolar EEG record on four experimental tasks (rest, reading, active listening and copying a figure). Seven measures on slow and fast EEG rhythms were obtained, plus theta/beta ratio. Results: There were no differences by ADHD subtypes. The task of greatest cognitive demand obtained the highest wave amplitudes. Smaller participants and boys presented higher amplitudes in slow waves and in theta/beta ratio in all the experimental tasks, showing a greater tendency to attentional regulation problems. CONCLUSION. Monopolar record and theta/beta ratio are a viable alternative in the clinical setting to complement the evaluation of ADHD


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico por imagem , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Atenção/fisiologia , Análise de Variância , Análise Fatorial , Neurorretroalimentação/métodos
2.
J Atten Disord ; 23(4): 374-383, 2019 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29254414

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of neurofeedback (NF), behavior therapy (BT), and pharmacology (PH) on the improvement of ADHD-related symptoms. METHOD: Fifty-nine children with ADHD ( M = 8.80 years, SD = 1.92 years) were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments in a pre/post assessment design. Mother- and teacher-rated ADHD scales and children were assessed using The Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA/CPT). RESULTS: The three treatments were effective on the IVA/CPT, but with different trends. BT and especially NF achieved improvement on response control and attention, and PH mainly in visual attention. On the rating scales, BT improved all measures, and NF and PH had a minor but interesting influence. CONCLUSION: From a global perspective, behavior therapy had the most extensive results, but PH had the greatest capacity to improve overall attention. NF was able to improve both control response and inattention. Clinical implications are discussed.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/terapia , Terapia Comportamental/métodos , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/administração & dosagem , Metilfenidato/administração & dosagem , Análise de Variância , Atenção/fisiologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Criança , Cognição/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Neurorretroalimentação/métodos , Pais/educação , Resultado do Tratamento
3.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 15(3): 217-225, sept.-dic. 2015. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-141768

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of neurofeedback, pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) through a controlled, randomized, multigroup design, with pre-, post- and follow-up treatment phases. The objectives of this study are: a) to analyze individual trajectories over time of each child in treatment, from specific measures of EEG (theta/beta ratio/TBR) considering age and sex and b) to determine the therapeutic effect on attentional and behavioral variables evaluated through the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test. A total of 57 children (7-14 years) diagnosed with ADHD, were randomly assigned to one of the following experimental conditions: 1) 30 Theta/Beta training sessions, 2) Methylphenidate treatment and, 3) Behavior therapy administered according to a cognitive-behavioral protocol based on manuals. Data were analyzed using a Multilevel Longitudinal Regression Model. Results show that administered treatments are effective and cause similar effects on TBR variable, with no differences between them. However, significant differences were observed in the global attention (p=.002), auditory attention (p=.017) and visual attention (p=.028) (AU)


Se investiga la eficacia del neurofeedback, tratamiento farmacológico y terapia de conducta en el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) mediante un diseño multigrupo, aleatorizado y controlado con fases pre, post-tratamiento y seguimiento. Se pretenden los siguientes objetivos: a) analizar las trayectorias individuales a través del tiempo, de cada niño en tratamiento, en la medida del EEG (theta/beta ratio/TBR), considerando edad y sexo, y b) determinar el efecto terapéutico en variables atencionales y conductuales evaluadas mediante el Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test. Participaron 57 niños (7-14 años) diagnosticados con TDAH, asignados aleatoriamente a alguna de las siguientes condiciones experimentales: 1) 30 sesiones de entrenamiento theta/beta, 2) tratamiento con metilfenidato y 3) terapia de conducta, según protocolo basado en manuales. Se ha empleado el Modelo Longitudinal de Regresión Multinivel para análisis de datos. Los resultados muestran que los tratamientos administrados son eficaces y originan efectos similares en la variable TBR, no apreciándose diferencias entre los mismos. Si bien, se observan diferencias significativas en la atención global (p=.002), atención auditiva (p=.017) y atención visual (p=.028) (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/terapia , Neurorretroalimentação/métodos , Psicoterapia/métodos , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/uso terapêutico , Distribuição Aleatória , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
Int J Clin Health Psychol ; 15(3): 217-225, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30487839

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of neurofeedback, pharmacological treatment and behavioral therapy in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) through a controlled, randomized, multigroup design, with pre-, post- and follow-up treatment phases. The objectives of this study are: a) to analyze individual trajectories over time of each child in treatment, from specific measures of EEG (theta/beta ratio/TBR) considering age and sex and b) to determine the therapeutic effect on attentional and behavioral variables evaluated through the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test. A total of 57 children (7-14 years) diagnosed with ADHD, were randomly assigned to one of the following experimental conditions: 1) 30 Theta/Beta training sessions, 2) Methylphenidate treatment and, 3) Behavior therapy administered according to a cognitive-behavioral protocol based on manuals. Data were analyzed using a Multilevel Longitudinal Regression Model. Results show that administered treatments are effective and cause similar effects on TBR variable, with no differences between them. However, significant differences were observed in the global attention (p=.002), auditory attention (p=.017) and visual attention (p=.028).


Se investiga la eficacia del neurofeedback, tratamiento farmacológico y terapia de conducta en el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) mediante un diseño multigrupo, aleatorizado y controlado con fases pre, post-tratamiento y seguimiento. Se pretenden los siguientes objetivos: a) analizar las trayectorias individuales a través del tiempo, de cada niño en tratamiento, en la medida del EEG (theta/beta ratio/TBR), considerando edad y sexo, y b) determinar el efecto terapéutico en variables atencionales y conductuales evaluadas mediante el Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test. Participaron 57 niños (7-14 años) diagnosticados con TDAH, asignados aleatoriamente a alguna de las siguientes condiciones experimentales: 1) 30 sesiones de entrenamiento theta/beta, 2) tratamiento con metilfenidato y 3) terapia de conducta, según protocolo basado en manuales. Se ha empleado el Modelo Longitudinal de Regresión Multinivel para análisis de datos. Los resultados muestran que los tratamientos administrados son eficaces y originan efectos similares en la variable TBR, no apreciándose diferencias entre los mismos. Si bien, se observan diferencias significativas en la atención global (p=.002), atención auditiva (p=.017) y atención visual (p=.028).

5.
Apuntes psicol ; 29(2): 183-203, mayo-ago. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-101624

RESUMO

En este trabajo se analizan las propuestas actuales de intervención en los trastornos del comportamiento, el trastorno negativista desafiante y trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad, tomando en consideración entre otras variables, comorbilidad, factores de riesgo y tratamientos recomendados por criterios de eficacia. Se revisan los programas y procedimientos más empleados y las estrategias que, a partir de las evidencias científicas, permitan la práctica clínica y asistencial basada en estándares de eficacia. Se hace hincapíe asimismo en las limitaciones halladas en los estudios publicados y las futuras líneas de investigación a desarrollar sobre el tema(AU)


This paper analyzes the current proposals for intervention in behavioral disorders, oppositional defiant disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, taking into consideration among other, variables such as comorbidity, risk factors and treatments recommended by effectiveness criteria. We review the programs and procedures most used and the strategies from scientific evidence, which enable clinical practice and assistance based on standards effectiveness. emphasis is also made on the limitations found in the literature and future research to develop on the subject (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/tendências , /epidemiologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/prevenção & controle , Comorbidade
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